Saturday, January 31, 2009

The Hate Springs

Scarlet clouds wrinkle the sky
Mordant droplets grind down memories
Hate devours thoughts forlorn
As the seeds of revulsion fall from the sky

Drop by drop.. As crystals of an atrocious chain,
Ricochet the mind terrain.
Burgeon into fountains of hate,
Where light shimmers into eternal darkness.

Hordes of remembrance stampede the heart
Abhorrent rays mix in a kaleiodoscope of misery
The hate springs rejuvenate
As the seeds of odium sprout from the land

Obliviously drifting with the deluge,
Rupturing the social fabric.
Of sinister traditions and customs,
Where disgust devours desolation.

Submerged under chaotic waters
Yearning for the cloud of freedom
The affliction will nurture
As the mushroom grows..

Monday, January 12, 2009

Rise and Fall of Muslims

One of the most revered and charismatic orators of history, William Pitt, the Elder, declared in one of his magnificent speeches at the House of Commons, that if England did not give way to its American colonies, then the “…Kingdom is Undone!”. Whether his words were true or not, the Kingdom of Heaven in the contemporary world is undergoing a bloodbath. Centuries before Pitt was born, even centuries before his country became a nation, The Romans, Byzantines, Persians and Arabs, all were fighting for glory – and then, God revealed His word. With the advent of Islam, the world was bound to undergo a change. It was God’s will that the Muslims were victorious in the early years of Islam. From Khalid bin Walid to Saladin Ayubi, Muslims were a formidable force to be reckoned with. As Saladin had once united the disunited Muslims to regain their prestige, soon after his death, the Kingdom of Heaven started to fall apart. From then onwards, till the Ottoman’s rise, Muslims were annihilated near extinction by the mighty hordes of the Mongols; nonetheless, with the Ottoman’s rise under Suleman, the Magnificent, Muslims were an axis of power; the Ottoman, the Persian and the Indian Empire being the symbols of Military, Culture and Finance respectively. However, The Golden sparrow of Babur and Aurangzeb was turned into a dead bird by the ever-so-powerful British Empire, and ever since, it seems, the Muslim Kingdom is Undone!

Muslims in the early years of Islam faced countless hardships and opposition from the people they once called their own. When the lavish offers of the most powerful tribe of Mecca were ignored by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the most ordinary (if there were any?) of those who embraced Islam, opposition to Islam reached its peak. When persuasion failed, coercion found its way out. Extreme hardships, torture and hurdles in praying and offering religious duties compelled Muslims to perform, what is known in history as one of the greatest emigrations ever. It was the year 622 AD that after hostility reached its peak; the Prophet (PBUH) performed the Hegira and moved to the city, then called, “Yathrib” which today is known as Medina. The Prophet (PBUH) was welcomed in Medina and he soon established a hold in the city. Although the Meccans were determined to get their hands on the followers of Islam, hence, their hostilities only grew. A number of small skirmishes laid the grounds for the first large-scale battle in the history of Islam, the battle of Badr.

The year 624 AD saw the invasion of Medina by an army three times larger than those that the followers of Islam could muster. Battle of Badr was not only a turning point for the Muslims, but it strengthened the foundations of the new force that had now arisen in the Arabian Peninsula. God mentioned the divine intervention in the Holy Quran as follows;

“Allah had helped you at Badr, when ye were a contemptible little force; then fear Allah; thus May ye show your gratitude. Remember thou said to the Faithful: “Is it not enough for you that Allah should help you with three thousand angels sent down?” Al-Imran (3:123-124)

The battle resulted in a marvelous victory to the Muslim army, and many important leaders of the Quraish were killed. Many other battles followed the battle of Badr until the Conquest of Mecca when the forces of Islam captured the city they were forced to emigrate from.

As once, at the time of the Battle of Badr, the Meccan armies had marched on the city of Medina; the forces of Islam marched on the City of Mecca in 630 AD, although with a rather different outcome. Meccans surrendered to the Prophet of Islam without a fight, and to the surprise of the surrendered force, a general amnesty was declared in the city. It was this day when Abu-Sufyan, the biggest leader of the Meccan Army, was also given amnesty – as a result he embraced Islam. It was also the day when the foundations of the future Islam Empire were laid down by none other than the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) himself. Mecca was the most powerful city in the Arabian Peninsula, and when it came under the Muslim control, Islam started spreading at a very fast pace. Although the Prophet (PBUH) passed away only two years afterwards, Islam did not stop there. From Khalid bin Walid to Saladin Ayubi, Muslims came, saw, and conquered.

Under the Second Caliph of Islam, Umar (RA) the Empire started to expand. The Sword of Allah, as he was referred to, Khalid bin Walid was sent to the Syrian front in 636 AD where he won one of the most decisive victories of his career, the Battle of Yarmuk. The Byzantines surrendered Damascus to the Muslim army led by Khalid bin Walid at the battle. It was under the leadership of this brilliant general that Islam was spread into Syria, Egypt and Persia. By the end of the rule of the Second Caliph, Muslims occupied much of North Africa, Persia and the Middle East. With the Empire expanding at a tremendous rate, administrative problems of handling the affairs of such a vast empire came on the front.

Imperial outstretch, as it is at times referred to, the Empire had stretched far and wide, and hence the tentacles of the regional superpower were prone to outside attacks. It was around 1095 that the First Crusades were called for, to retake the city of Jerusalem. Within four years, the Holy City was taken under control by the Christian crusaders resulting in a massacre of Muslims present in the city. The Crusaders were victorious in their first attempt. Forty five years after the Fall of Jerusalem, Muslims recaptured Edessa; as a result the Second Crusade was started. The Christian cavalry did not gain from the Second Crusade and the Muslim army inflicted heavy damages on the Crusaders. Around 1170, Saladin came to power in Egypt and there were calls for another major Crusade against the Muslim Empire from the church.

Saladin reunited the Muslim princes in an effort to regain the lost glory. It was not only his military genius but his truthfulness that earned him a legendary status in Muslim and Non-Muslim lore. Not until the Templers ravaged a trade caravan of the Muslims, did Saladin take on an offensive to recapture the Holy Land and did so in 1187. Three Mighty Emperors took on the Third Crusade against their powerful opponent. Philip II of France, the Holy Roman Emperor and King Richard Lion-Heart of England combined their forces in an attempt to recapture Jerusalem. By 1191 however, King Richard was left without the support of his two rivals, Philip II and the Holy Roman Emperor, and the Third Crusade was unable to recapture the city of Jerusalem, which remained under the military genius of Saladin. Although, the Mongols ravaged Baghdad in particular and Muslims in general, it was not until the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th Century and the creation of Israel, that the Holy City was lost by Muslims again.

He was the grandson of the great Mongol Emperor, Genghis Khan. The Mongol Empire was the largest continuous land Empire in the history of the world, and Hulagu Khan only stretched it further. As the Mongols rose to supremacy, Muslims were pushed in a state of oblivion. By the year 1258, the Muslim Caliph ignored the calls of the Mongol Emperor to surrender, resulting in a siege laid by the Great Khan. In one of the most brutal captures of a land recorded in history, Baghdad became a victim to the horrendous treatment of the victors. It is estimated that at least 800,000 people were massacred, sparing only the non-Muslims. The city burnt for seven days, and what remained of the once great Abbasid city, was only ash. Only decades after the dreadful event of Baghdad, a Turkish leader by the name of “Usman” laid the foundations of the much famous, Ottoman Empire.

As the Byzantine Empire was fading into nothingness, Ottoman Empire was gradually rising. From the late 13th Century to the early 16th Century, Ottoman Empire was the symbol of Muslim military and culture. It was not until 1922 that the successive sultans of the House of Usman lost their crown and the world lost the Ottoman Empire. Along with the rise of the Ottomans, a Muslim descendant of the powerful Mongols was also rising.

Known for constructing towers made of skulls of the captive and massacred, Tamerlane was a fierce warrior who stretched his holdings from India to the Mediterranean. Tamerlane was not in allegiance with the Ottomans, and even had the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire captured in battle. It was this friction between the two rising powers that did not enable Muslim rule to be absolute and far stretched. Tamerlane weakened the “Golden Horde” and their holdings in Russia, ravaged Delhi, and annihilated those who rebelled, as in the case of Isfahan. While Tamerlane is known for his military expeditions, his empire was not the one to last, like that of the Ottomans.

Suleman, the Magnificent, from 1520 to 1566 ruled as the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. It was the peak of the Empire, and an emblem of Muslim might. A great diplomatic negotiator as well as a great general, Suleman concluded peace treaties as well as an alliance with the French King. He invaded Hungary and also captured Tabriz and Baghdad, once the cities under the Mongol rule. The Ottoman rule stretched to the North of Africa, the Balkan states, and much of Middle East. It was this time that the Muslims were an Axis of Power. Ottomans were the sign of Military might while the Persians were known for their culture and the Indian Empire, which was now on a gradual rise, was to be known as the Golden Sparrow of the world.

He was one of the descendants of Tamerlane, and the founding father of the Mughal Dynasty in India. Babur invaded India and in 1526, at the famous battle of Panipat, defeated an army of 100,000 men with only 21,000 warriors. It was not only his military genius, but perhaps, the blood of his great ancestors that helped him in inflicting defeat on such a massive army. Babur was the last in the line of Emperors to construct towers out of skulls of the defeated army. Although he died before he could consolidate his power, it was one of his descendants, who by his administrative skills and military genius made India a stronghold of Muslims. Aurangzeb stretched his empire far and wide and put down revolts and rebellions with sheer force. It was his non-tolerance towards non-Muslims that made him infamous amongst the inhabitants of India. Aurangzeb was the last of great Mughals and soon after, the Empire started to decline gradually.

Although, Aurangzeb had left a powerful realm, it was not something his successors could handle. Internal strife and external pressure combined with bungling rulers left the Mughal dynasty in ruins. There were internal risings and revolts in the subcontinent. Marhattas and Sikhs challenged the Mughal rulers and there was chaos in the empire. By the 17th and 18th century, the East India Company, formerly a trade company of the British Empire had established its foundations in the Indian subcontinent. Till 1857, the Mughal Emperor remained on the throne as the Britons paved their way to absolute control. After the uprising of the Indians in 1857 and the crushing defeat inflicted by the British in the War of Independence, the last of the Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar was dethroned; and the Empire abolished. This was the end of a long and prosperous Muslim rule in the subcontinent. Soon to follow was the Ottoman Empire.

In the First World War, the Ottomans sided with the Central Powers; Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria. In this Great War, the Central Powers were defeated by the Allied Powers of Britain, France, Italy and Japan. World War I was the end of the once great Muslim Empire, and now it was left on the mercy of the victors. The Treaty of Versailles sealed shut the fate of the Central Powers, and soon after, Mustufa Kemal a nationalist, abolished the Sultanate; thus formally ending the Ottoman Empire. What followed the demise of these two Empires was a steady decline of Muslims around the world.

The British controlled Palestine from the end of the World War I to 1948, when the United Nations devised a plan to divide the country into two halves and make room for the Jewish people. The plan which was severely criticized and rejected by the Arabs, was as expected, welcomed by the Jews and hence, the Holy Land was divided. Massive aid flowed in for the new Jewish state, and despite being in the heart of the Arab land, Israel was made sure of its survival by military and economic aid. Soon after, a number of wars followed; in 1967 Israel annexed the Golan Heights from Syria, and in the Yom Kippur war of 1973, even with the advantage of a surprise attack, the Arab states were unable to gain victory of the, now dreadful, Jewish state of Israel. Whether Israel was created to keep a “balance of power” in the Middle Eastern region, which was rich in oil, and could have made its monopoly, or to sincerely give a homeland to the Jews, remains a mystery. By this time, Muslim glory and prestige was lost in the void, and what remained was the invasion of two more Muslim countries.

In September 2001, America invaded a whole country, predominantly Muslim, for capturing a “suspect” of a terrorist attack that struck the World Trade Towers. While hundreds of thousands of Muslims perished in the aftermath of the so-called “war on terror”, it was not to end there. Only two years afterwards, America had a nightmare of “Weapons of Mass Destruction” in Iraq, or perhaps, a pleasant dream of “Oil”. Ironically, it was “Operation Iraqi Liberation” which was soon changed to “Operation Iraqi Freedom” because it would have been too obvious. As in the case of Afghanistan, the prescribed goal of America have not yet been achieved, though hundreds of thousands of innocent people have suffered immeasurably at the hands of America on one hand, and Israel on the other.

Operation Cast Lead is what Knesset likes to call it. Three weeks into the operation and more than 900 people are reported dead. Half of those happen to be women and children. Israel plans to “put an end to Hamas’ rocket firing ability into Southern Israel” while the world stands and stare at this inhumane brutality. When the whole world condemned the bloodbath, America was the only veto power to abstain from the resolution. While the Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice led a resolution into the United Nations Security Council, 14 out of 15 members embraced it, the one who did not, was ironically the one who brought it, America. Ehud Olmert, Israel’s Prime Minister in an interview to a channel talked about how he “called President Bush” and told him that “The United States could not and cannot sign this resolution” after which the President directed his Secretary of State to abstain from the resolution. While innocent blood is being shed in Gaza, one may look around and see that it is also being shed in Afghanistan and Iraq. While Gaza bleeds, the Kingdom of Heaven seems to be undone!

It is said that every rise has a fall, if this is the fall of the Muslims, there certainly awaits the fall of the brutalities and tortures being committed in the world; the war of terror that is being played on the world stage, disguised as the war “on” terror. The question remains, when? When will the Muslims be able to regain their prestige, their glory, and that formidable stature they once had? When will these massacres of innocent lives end? And, when will the Kingdom of Heaven rejoice in blissful eternity? But perhaps, the French Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau was right in his saying that “It is far easier to make war than to make peace.”